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Total 667546 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bethanidine | A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. Pharmacology: Bethanidine is a guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear. Although bethanidine may produce adverse effects, they are beneficial in severe hypertension and produce fewer side effects than guanethidine. Mechanism of action: Bethanidine, a guanidine derivative, is a peripherally acting antiadrenergic agent. Bethanidine effectively decreases blood pressure by suppressing renin secretion or interfering with function of the sympathetic nervous system. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Adrenergic Agents. Antihypertensive Agents. Sympatholytics | ILX:0101260 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bevacizumab | A recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody that binds to and inhibits the biologic activity of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bevacizumab contains human framework regions and the complementarity-determining regions of a murine antibody that binds to VEGF. Bevacizumab is produced in a Chinese Hamster Ovary mammalian cell expression system in a nutrient medium containing the antibiotic gentamicin and has a molecular weight of approximately 149 kilodaltons. Pharmacology: Bevacizumab prevents or reduces the formation of blood vessels (angiogenesis) thereby preventing or reducing metatstatic disease progressing. Bevacizumab binds VEGF and prevents vascular endothelial growth and endothelial cell proliferation. Mechanism of action: Bevacizumab binds VEGF and prevents the interaction of VEGF to its receptors (Flt-1 and KDR) on the surface of endothelial cells. This prevents blood vessel growth. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Investigational. Drug category: Antiangiogenesis Agents. Antineoplastic Agents | ILX:0101261 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bevantolol | Bevantolol is a beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist that has been shown to be as effective as other beta blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. Mechanism of Action Animal experiments confirm both agonist and antagonist effects on alpha-receptors, in addition to antagonist activity at beta-1 receptors. Pharmacology: Bevantolol is a beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist that has been shown to be as effective as other beta blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. Mechanism of action: Animal experiments confirm both agonist and antagonist effects on alpha-receptors, in addition to antagonist activity at beta-1 receptors. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists. Antihypertensive Agents. Calcium Channel Blockers | ILX:0101262 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bexarotene | Bexarotene (Targretin) is an oral antineoplastic agent indicated by the FDA for Cutaneous T cell lymphoma. It has been used off-label for lung cancer, breast cancer, and Kaposi's sarcoma. (Wikipedia) Pharmacology: Bexarotene is a member of a subclass of retinoids that selectively activate retinoid X receptors (RXRs). These retinoid receptors have biologic activity distinct from that of retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Bexarotene is indicated for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in patients who are refractory to at least one prior systemic therapy. Bexarotene selectively binds and activates retinoid X receptor subtypes (RXRa, RXRb, RXRg). RXRs can form heterodimers with various receptor partners such as retinoic acid receptors (RARs), vitamin Dy receptor, thyroid receptor, and peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPARs). Once activated, these receptors function as transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes that control cellular differentiation and proliferation. Bexarotene inhibits the growth in vitro of some tumor cell lines of hematopoietic and squamous cell origin. It also induces tumor regression in vivo in some animal models. Mechanism of action: The exact mechanism of action of bexarotene in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is unknown. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anticarcinogenic Agents | ILX:0101263 | 5 | scicrunch | 08/24/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Bezafibrate | Antilipemic agent that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides. It decreases low density lipoproteins and increases high density lipoproteins. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Bezafibrate is an antilipemic agent that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides. It decreases low density lipoproteins and increases high density lipoproteins. Bezafibrate lowers elevated blood lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol). Elevated VLDL and LDL are reduced by treatment with bezafibrate, whilst HDL-levels are increased. The activity of triglyceride lipases (lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipoproteinlipase) involved in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins is increased by bezafibrate. In the course of the intensified degradation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL) precursors for the formation of HDL are formed which explains an increase in HDL. Furthermore, cholesterol biosynthesis is reduced by bezafibrate, which is accompanied by a stimulation of the LDL-receptor-mediated lipoprotein catabolism. Elevated fibrinogen appears to be an important risk-factor, alongside the lipids, smoking and hypertension, in the development of atheroma. Fibrinogen plays an important role in viscosity, and therefore blood flow, and also appears to play an important role in thrombus development and lysability. Bezafibrate exerts an effect on thrombogenic factors. A significant decrease in elevated plasma fibrinogen levels can be achieved. This may lead, amongst other things, to a reduction in both blood and plasma viscosity. Inhibition of platelet aggregation has also been observed. A reduction in blood glucose concentration due to an increase in glucose tolerance has been reported in diabetic patients. In the same patients, the concentration of fasting and postprandial free fatty acids was reduced by bezafibrate. Mechanism of action: Like the other fibrates, bezafibrate is an agonist of PPAR; some studies suggest it may have some activity on PPAR and PPAR as well. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antilipemic Agents | ILX:0101264 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bi-directional | two directions. | ILX:0101265 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Biaxial Tissue Analysis | measures the tensile mechanical properties of soft natural tissues and biomaterials. | ILX:0101266 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bibliography | A list of publications such as scientic papers or books. | ILX:0101267 | 4 | scicrunch | 06/11/2021 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bicalutamide | Bicalutamide is an oral non-steroidal anti-androgen for prostate cancer. It binds to the androgen receptor. Pharmacology: Bicalutamide is an antineoplastic hormonal agent primarily used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Bicalutamide is a pure, nonsteroidal anti-androgen with affinity for androgen receptors (but not for progestogen, estrogen, or glucocorticoid receptors). Consequently, Bicalutamide blocks the action of androgens of adrenal and testicular origin which stimulate the growth of normal and malignant prostatic tissue. Prostate cancer is mostly androgen-dependent and can be treated with surgical or chemical castration. To date, antiandrogen monotherapy has not consistently been shown to be equivalent to castration. Mechanism of action: Bicalutamide competes with androgen for the binding of androgen receptors, consequently blocking the action of androgens of adrenal and testicular origin which stimulate the growth of normal and malignant prostatic tissue. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Androgen Antagonists. Antineoplastic Agents | ILX:0101268 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bicarbonate stimulus transduction | A sensory transduction event whereby chemoreceptors in the carotid body of higher mammals detect the amount of plasma bicarbonate communicating this signal to medullary neurons involved in control of respiratory rate. Higher pH derives primarily from higher plasma pCO2. The medullary neurons increase respiratory rate in response to a rise in pH, so as to vent more CO2 and thereby decrease pH back toward neutral (BB: 2008-03-13) | ILX:0101269 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Biconcave | A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of curving inward on both sides or surfaces | ILX:0101270 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Biconvex | Convex on both sides or surface. | ILX:0101271 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bidirectional | Two directional | ILX:0101272 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bifurcated | A division into two branches. | ILX:0101273 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Big brown bat | ILX:0101274 | 7 | scicrunch | 10/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb | |
| Bilateral | Having or formed of two sides; two-sided. | ILX:0101275 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bilateral intrinsic neuron | A midline crossing bilateral intrinsic neuron that projects only within some pair of bilaterally symmetric synaptic neuropil domains and their connecting tracts. For example within the left and right antennal lobes and antennal commissure. | ILX:0101276 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bilateral symmetry | A symmetry quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being symmetric about a plane running from its frontal end to its caudal end (head to tail), and has nearly identical right and left halves. | ILX:0101277 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bilateria | ILX:0101278 | 4 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Bimatoprost | Bimatoprost ophthalmic solution is a topical medication used for controlling the progression of glaucoma or ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a prostaglandin analogue that works by increasing the outflow of aqueous fluid from the eyes. It binds to the prostanoid FP receptor. Pharmacology: Bimatoprost is a prostamide, a synthetic structural analog of prostaglandin with ocular hypotensive activity. It selectively mimics the effects of naturally occurring substances, prostamides. Bimatoprost lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) in humans. Elevated IOP presents a major risk factor for glaucomatous field loss. The higher the level of IOP, the greater the likelihood of optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Mechanism of action: Bimatoprost is believed to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in humans by increasing outflow of aqueous humor through both the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral routes. Bimatoprost reduces the pressure in the eye by mimicking the action of a naturally-occuring prostaglandin. Prostaglandins are a group of chemicals found in many places in the body. In the eye, they increase the drainage of the aqueous humour out of the eyeball. Bimatoprost is a synthetic compound related to one of the natural prostaglandins, and works by increasing the drainage of aqueous humour out of the eyeball. This decreases the pressure within the eye. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antiglaucomic Agents. Antihypertensive Agents | ILX:0101279 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
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