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Total 393357 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donepezil | Donepezil (Aricept), is a centrally acting reversible acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor. Its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine. Donepezil is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. If this proposed mechanism of action is correct, donepezil's effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. Donepezil has been tested in other cognitive disorders including Lewy body dementia and Vascular dementia, but it is not currently approved for these indications. Donepezil has also been studied in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, post-coronary bypass cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment associated with multiple sclerosis, and Down syndrome. Pharmacology: Donepezil is a centrally acting reversible acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor. Its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine. It is well absorbed in the gut with an oral bioavailability of 100% and easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Because it has a half life of about 70 hours, it can be taken once a day. Initial dose is 5 mg per day, which can be increased to 10 mg per day after an adjustment period of at least 4 weeks. Donepezil is a parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Donepezil is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. If this proposed mechanism of action is correct, donepezil's effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. There is no evidence that donepezil alters the course of the underlying dementing process. Mechanism of action: Donepezil's proposed mechanism of action involves the increase of the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Nootropic Agents. Parasympathomimetics | ILX:0103381 | 4 | scicrunch | 08/24/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Doors and people test | Doors and People is a test of long-term memory. It yields a single age-scaled overall score which can be ‘unpacked’ to give separate measures of visual and verbal memory, recall and recognition, and forgetting. | ILX:0103382 | 6 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| DOPA | is a naturally-occurring dietary supplement and psychoactive drug found in certain kinds of food and herbs (e.g., Mucuna pruriens, or velvet bean), and is synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tyrosine (TYR) in the mammalian body and brain. (From Wikipedia) | ILX:0103383 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopamine | One of the catecholamine neurotransmitters in the brain. It is derived from tyrosine and is the precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (receptors, dopamine) mediate its action. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Dopamine is a natural catecholamine formed by the decarboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). It is a precursor to norepinephrine in noradrenergic nerves and is also a neurotransmitter in certain areas of the central nervous system, especially in the nigrostriatal tract, and in a few peripheral sympathetic nerves. Dopamine produces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on the myocardium, resulting in increased heart rate and cardiac contractility. This is accomplished directly by exerting an agonist action on beta-adrenoceptors and indirectly by causing release of norepinephrine from storage sites in sympathetic nerve endings. Mechanism of action: Dopamine is a precursor to norepinephrine in noradrenergic nerves and is also a neurotransmitter in certain areas of the central nervous system. Dopamine produces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on the myocardium, resulting in increased heart rate and cardiac contractility. This is accomplished directly by exerting an agonist action on beta-adrenoceptors and indirectly by causing release of norepinephrine from storage sites in sympathetic nerve endings. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Cardiotonic Agents. Dopamine Agents. Sympathomimetic. Sympathomimetics | ILX:0103384 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopamine agonist role | Role assigned to a molecule that has affinity for and stimulates physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by dopamine | ILX:0103385 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopamine antagonist role | A substance that has an affinity for and inhibits physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by dopamine | ILX:0103386 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopamine beta-hydroxylase | Dopamine beta-hydroxylase is a synthesizing enzyme that for converting dopamine into norepinephrine. It can be inhibited by drugs that act as Cu2+ chelating agents. A protein that is a translation product of the DBH gene or a 1:1. (Adapted from Protein Ontology). DBH catalyzes the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine + ascorbate + O2 | ILX:0103387 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopamine transporter | ILX:0103388 | 4 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Dopamine Transporter Type 1 | Sodium dependent transport protein, located on presynaptic terminals, involved in the uptake of dopamine; site at which cocaine exerts rewarding/ reinforcing effects (CSP). | ILX:0103389 | 4 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopaminergic A13 group of ABA 2009 | ILX:0103390 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Dopaminergic cell group A10 | ILX:0103391 | 6 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Dopaminergic cell group A13 | A group of cells that fluoresce for dopamine and are distributed in clusters that, in the primate, are ventral and medial to the mammillothalamic tract of the hypothalamus; a few extend into the reuniens nucleus of the thalamus (Felten-1983). In the mouse A13 is located ventral to the mammillothalamic tract of the thalamus in the zona incerta (adapted from Brain Info) | ILX:0103392 | 5 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopaminergic cell group A9 | ILX:0103393 | 5 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Dopaminergic dorso-lateral neuron | Dopaminergic neuron dorsolaterally located in each hemisegment of abdominal segments A1-A7. | ILX:0103394 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopaminergic neuron (FBbt Term) | Any neuron (FBbt_00005106) that releases as a neurotransmitter, some dopamine (CHEBI:18243). | ILX:0103395 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopaminergic PAL neuron | A dopaminergic neuron whose cell body is located in a cluster of approximately 5 cell bodies in the cortex located lateral to the dorsal portion of the vertical lobes in the middle of the superior lateral protocerebrum. | ILX:0103396 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopaminergic PAM neuron | A dopaminergic neuron whose cell body is located in a cluster of approximately 100 cell bodies in the cortex of the anterior inferior medial protocerebrum. At least some members of this group project to the medial tip of, and areas posterior to, the mushroom body medial lobe. | ILX:0103397 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopaminergic PPL1 neuron | A dopaminergic neuron whose cell body is located in a cluster of approximately 12 cell bodies in the cortex of the posterior inferior lateral protocerebrum. Members of this group project to various parts of the mushroom body: the tip of the alpha lobe, the tip of the alpha' lobe, the upper portion of the alpha lobe segment 2, alpha lobe segment 1 and the lower part of segment 2, and the pedunculus and spur. Other members of this group arborize in areas other than the mushroom body: the edge of the medial portions of the medial lobes, broad areas surrounding the ipsilateral vertical lobes, areas posterior to the ipsilateral vertical lobes, and the entire span of the superior arch. | ILX:0103398 | 4 | scicrunch | 08/24/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Dopaminergic PPL2ab neuron | A dopaminergic neuron whose cell body is located in a cluster of approximately 6 cell bodies in the cortex of the posterior inferior lateral protocerebrum. Members of this group send processes to various parts of the brain: one group send processes to the calyx, the inferior portion of the lateral horn and broad areas in the middle superior medial protocerebrum, another group sends processes to the calyx, the entire lateral horn and broad areas of the middle superior protocerebrum, another subgroup innervates the lobula and broad protocerebral areas, and a final group innervates the posterior lateral protocerebrum. | ILX:0103399 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Dopaminergic PPL2c neuron | A dopaminergic neuron whose cell body is located in a cluster of approximately 2 cell bodies in the cortex of the posterior lateral protocerebrum. | ILX:0103400 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
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